Heaps are a specialized tree-based data structure primarily implemented in priority queues and efficient sorting algorithms. They are binary trees that maintain a specific order between parent and child nodes, which makes them ideal for certain types of data access operations, such as quickly finding the minimum or maximum element. What is Heap Data Structure? … Read more
A binary tree is a hierarchical data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child. It is a foundational concept in computer science, frequently used in algorithms, data organization, and searching mechanisms. This article will explore the essential aspects of binary trees, including … Read more
A tree is a fundamental data structure in computer science that simulates a hierarchical structure, much like a family tree. It consists of nodes connected by edges, with one node acting as the root, and the rest branching out into child nodes. Trees are widely used in various algorithms, databases, and file systems due to … Read more
One of the most important concepts when designing and analyzing algorithms is time complexity. It measures the amount of time an algorithm takes to run relative to the size of its input. Time complexity helps us predict how an algorithm will scale and perform as the input grows, which is crucial when working with large … Read more
Python programmers should be familiar with four fundamental data structures: lists, dictionaries, tuples and sets. Each of these structures has unique properties and use cases. In this article, we’ll delve into the details of these data structures, covering their creation, usage, and common operations. Python Collections There are four collection data types in the Python … Read more
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm centred around the concept of objects. What is a Class? For example, if you want to model a Car, you would create a Car class that might have properties like colour, make, and model, and methods (functions) like start_engine() or drive(). What is an Object? OOP Concept Object-oriented … Read more
System design involves creating the architecture of a system to meet specific requirements. Here are some common terms used in system design: Network Partition In the context of distributed databases or systems, network partitions are particularly challenging because they force the system to make trade-offs between consistency, availability, and partition tolerance, as described by the … Read more
SQL Window Functions are powerful tools that allow users to perform calculations across a set of table rows related to the current row. What is a Window Function? A window function performs a calculation across a set of table rows that are somehow related to the current row. This set of rows is referred to … Read more
Consistent hashing is a technique used in distributed systems to evenly distribute data across a cluster of nodes, minimizing the amount of data that needs to be relocated when nodes are added or removed. This method ensures that the system remains scalable, fault-tolerant, and efficient. Introduction In a large-scale distributed system, data does not fit … Read more
Back of the envelope calculations are invaluable in the early stages of system design. These rough, rapid estimates provide ballpark figures that help engineers and architects quickly assess feasibility and compare multiple approaches, guiding more detailed analysis and design. What Are Back of the Envelope Calculations? Back of the envelope calculations are quick, simplified estimates … Read more