Whether you’re browsing the web, sending a message, or playing an online game, sockets are the underlying technology enabling devices to communicate over a network. What is a Socket? A socket is an endpoint for sending or receiving data across a computer network. Think of it as a two-way communication pipe connecting two programs—one running … Read more
In distributed computing, Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a powerful protocol that enables a program to execute a procedure (function or subroutine) on another address space—typically on a remote server—without the programmer needing to code the details for this remote interaction explicitly. RPC abstracts the complexity of network communication, making it appear as though the … Read more
JWT is widely used in APIs, single-page applications, mobile apps, and even microservices due to its compact, secure, and stateless nature. Basic Authentication Problems with Basic Authentication: Token-based Authentication (JWT) To solve the limitations of Basic Authentication, we use JWT – the most common token-based solution. JWT (JSON Web Token) is an open standard (RFC … Read more
OAuth 2.0 is the industry-standard protocol for authorization. It allows third-party applications to gain limited access to a user’s resources without exposing their credentials. Developed by the IETF OAuth Working Group, it has become the backbone of secure delegated access on the web. From social login (like “Sign in with Google”) to accessing APIs in … Read more
APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) play a central role in enabling communication between software systems. From retrieving weather data to enabling online payments, APIs act as bridges between different applications. Whether you’re building a mobile app, web service, or enterprise solution, understanding APIs is crucial. What is an API? An API is a set of rules … Read more
When it comes to web services and APIs, two major communication protocols dominate the landscape: REST (Representational State Transfer) and SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). Both serve the same fundamental purpose—enabling communication between different systems over a network—but they differ significantly in structure, implementation, and use cases. What is REST? REST is an architectural style … Read more
Python offers a variety of powerful web frameworks, with Flask, FastAPI, and Django leading the pack. Each has its own strengths, weaknesses, and ideal use cases. This article compares them in detail to help you decide which one best fits your project. Overview of the Frameworks Feature Flask FastAPI Django Type Microframework Modern, async-ready microframework … Read more
Flask is a lightweight, flexible, and powerful web framework for Python. It is designed to make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to complex applications. Flask is known for its simplicity, modularity, and fine-grained control. What is Flask? Flask is a micro web framework written in Python. It is “micro” … Read more
Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class. This promotes code reusability and helps in creating a hierarchical relationship between classes. Python supports different types of inheritance, each serving a different purpose in software development. What is Inheritance? Inheritance enables a class … Read more
One of the most commonly asked questions by Python developers is: “Does Python use pass-by-value or pass-by-reference?” Does Python use pass-by-value or pass-by-reference? The answer isn’t as straightforward as it is in languages like C++ or Java. Python follows a “pass-by-object-reference” model, which is sometimes referred to as “pass-by-assignment.” This article will explore how Python … Read more